• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method of obtaining metallic material by extrusion processing in an angular channel of metallic material in a semi-solid state, associated device and metallic material obtainable. The present invention relates to a process for obtaining metallic material by extrusion processing in an angular channel of metallic material in semi-solid state, to the device associated with said process, as well as to the metallic material obtainable with said process, which is a continuous metallic material of superior mechanical properties to those of the discontinuous semisolid alloy and a finer grain size. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2576791A1
    申请号:ES201431812
    申请日:2014-12-10
    公开日:2016-07-11
    发明作者:Fernando CARREÑO GOROSTIAGA；Alberto OROZCO CABALLERO
    申请人:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING METAL MATERIAL THROUGH PROCESSING BY EXTRUSION IN ANGLE CHANNEL OF METAL MATERIAL IN SEMISOLID STATE, ASSOCIATED DEVICE AND METAL MATERIAL OBTAINABLE
    D E S C R I P C I O N
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a process for obtaining metallic material by processing by extrusion in an angular channel of metallic material in a semi-solid state, to the device associated with said process, as well as to the metallic material obtainable with said process.
    The process of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a continuous metallic material of superior mechanical properties than those of the discontinuous semi-solid starting alloy and of a finer grain size.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The processes of extrusion of metallic materials in angular channel from semi-solid alloy, called ECAP (acronym in English of "equal channel angular pressing", extrusion in constant angular channel) for obtaining a material are known in the state of the art metal with ultra-fine grain.
    The above procedures apply a severe plastic deformation in frlo by means of a matrix that contains two channels that intersect in the center of the same, where a mechanized test tube is placed in the upper channel of the matrix and then a high pressure is applied by means of a punch , so that the material, subjected to intense plastic deformation, flows through the matrix without any change in the cross-section of the specimens and in this way the grain is refined to achieve ultra-fine, smaller grain sizes 1 micrometer, where the effort is produced by the shear stress at the intersection angle.
    Among the foregoing, patent application JP2009208099A is known which discloses a device and an ECAP procedure that is applied to a light alloy in the state
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    semi-solid (Al-7% Si) (650 ° C) in several passes at a temperature of about 200 ° C, that is, by slightly cooling the semi-solid alloy before entering the ECAP matrix with an angle between channels of 90 °, with what is achieved to refine the grain size to the size of 1 pm, due to the extreme localization of the shear deformation in a plane at high tension.
    As a summary, the above procedure describes the following stages:
    - discontinuous introduction of the semi-solid material in the device,
    - gradual cooling to the angular extrusion temperature that can be lowered to the desired temperature, where the lower the temperature, the more pressure should be exerted on the semi-solid material and the greater the microstructural refining.
    - angular extrusion through an elbow or angular channel deforming severely in a very localized shear plane.
    Procedures are known that apply the same ECAP technique, where the discontinuous material in a semi-solid state is passed several times through the angular channel and extruded into the matrix. Among the above is the publication "Fatigue Behavior and Mechanical Properties of ECAP'ed and Thixoformed AA7075”, Hasan Kaya and Mehmet Upar, where the ECAP procedure is followed by a thixoforming procedure applied on an Al AA7075 alloy and where the ECAP procedure may comprise several passes through the matrix before carrying out the thixoforming procedure where it is reheated at 570 ° C for 15 min.
    The process of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a continuous metallic material of superior mechanical properties than those of the discontinuous semi-solid starting alloy. A finer grain size than those known in the state of the art is achieved, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a method of obtaining metal material by extrusion processing in angular channel of metal material in a semi-solid state that allows to obtain a continuous material starting from a discontinuous material.
    The procedure comprises the following stages:
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    - an introduction stage of at least two billets of semi-solid material in a device comprising an ECAP matrix, where the device comprises an input channel,
    - a joining stage by pressing the at least two billets of semi-solid material introduced into the inlet channel,
    - an angular extrusion stage through an angular channel of the ECAP matrix, defined in the intersection zone of an input channel and an output channel of said ECAP matrix, of the at least two billets joined in the joining stage , so that the continuous material formed in the joining stage is severely deformed and in a solid state.
    The step of joining by pressing the at least two billets of semi-solid material introduced into the inlet channel is carried out by contact facilitated by the liquid fraction of the semi-solid material, which increases the intimate contact and the diffusion of elements between beds.
    Optionally, the method comprises a stage of extrusion reducing the initial section of the billets to the section of the input channel to the ECAP matrix, prior to said angular extrusion stage. This stage generates an initial microstructural refining that facilitates further refining in the angular extrusion stage.
    Optionally, the process comprises a step of gradual cooling to an extrusion temperature between the joining stage by pressing the at least two billets of semi-solid material introduced into the inlet channel and the angular extrusion stage, so that the lower be the temperature, more pressure should be exerted on the material and greater microstructural refining will be achieved in the angular extrusion stage.
    The angular extrusion stage is carried out in a localized manner in the shear plane, which is formed between the input channel and the output channel of the ECAP matrix, generating fragmentation of structures (eutectic, for example), precipitates and / or particles, and an important grain refining that improves the mechanical resistance, resistance to fracture, ductility and toughness of the processed material.
    The semi-solid starting material can be any alloy that presents, in the phase diagram, a liquid-solid field. As an example, the semi-solid starting material can be a light alloy (Al-7% Si) or an aluminum and magnesium alloy, where the material is initially between 590 ° C and 640 ° C depending on the composition. At the exit,
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    The continuous material will present an ultra-fine grain size, less than 1 pm, as well as a size of particles, precipitates and inclusions, generally of the order of 1 pm.
    The device for carrying out the above procedure comprises an ECAP matrix with an input channel and an output channel that form an angle to each other, preferably between 60 ° and 180 °, more preferably between 90 ° and 120 °.
    Optionally, the section of the input channel of the device is larger than the section of the input channel of the ECAP matrix, where preferably, the previous section ratio is between the values 4: 1 and 40: 1, so that it is defined in the device a reduction extrusion zone, previously arranged to the ECAP matrix, to obtain an output material with better mechanical properties.
    The device also comprises a compression plunger arranged in the upper part of an input channel of the device, which is preferably vertical, where the compression plunger in its path produces the union between bilges and pushes them as it passes through the shear angle of the ECAP matrix, and a feed bolt movable by a feed channel adjacent to the top of the input channel of the device.
    Optionally, the feed bolt is perpendicular to the compression bolt and its upper and lower dimensions are aligned between the minimum and maximum travel positions of the compression bolt, respectively.
    The input channel comprises a side hole that communicates the feed channel with the input channel, so that the compression bolt is in its minimum displacement position while the feed bolt makes its way by pushing the semi-solid material of contribution to its maximum displacement position, where in the maximum displacement position, the feed bolt performs the function of the wall of the channel by closing the side hole in the stages after the introduction stage of at least two billets of semi-solid material in the device.
    Optionally, the device also includes a cooling zone adjacent to the input channel of the ECAP matrix, which allows to obtain a certain temperature of processing and / or heat treatment, and thus much higher mechanical properties.
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    The optimal length of the input channel is determined by the thermal gradient and / or the required cooling rate, saving cooling costs.
    The continuous metallic material obtained has a more homogeneous microstructure than the starting billets, reducing the size of its defects and obtaining a smaller grain size. This results in much higher mechanical properties, both in strength and ductility.
    The starting materials can be metal alloys, especially those that lend themselves to forming by thixoforming in a single stage, without having to severely reprocess the material subsequently.
    The length of the continuous metal material obtained is not limited and will only be a function of the number of joints joined in the joint stage by pressure.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the device of the present invention when the introduction of an energetic billet, tn, will be carried out once some n-1 previous billets, tn.1, tn.2 have been introduced. , ..., t2, t1.
    Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the device of the present invention immediately after the introduction of the echelon billet, tn.
    Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the device of the present invention at the moment of maximum displacement of the compression plunger. At this moment the union of the energetic billet, tn, to the previous n-1 billets tn.1, tn.2, ..., t2, t1, as well as the shear of the corresponding billet in the angular channel has already occurred.
    Figure 4 shows a phase diagram of an Al-Si alloy showing the temperatures Tms and Tmi for a concentration of 7% in Si.
    Figure 5 shows a phase diagram of a Fe-C alloy showing the temperatures Tms and Tmi for the 2% concentration in C.
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    According to a detailed explanation of the invention, the method of obtaining metallic material by extrusion processing in angular channel of metallic material in a semi-solid state that allows to obtain a continuous material starting from a discontinuous material comprises the following steps:
    - an introduction stage of n billets of semi-solid material, a first billet (t1), a second billet (t2), a third billet (t3) and asl up to an ebony billet (tn) in a device comprising an ECAP matrix (6), where the device comprises an input channel (4),
    - a step of joining by contact pressure of the billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1, tn) of semi-solid material introduced into the ECAP matrix (6),
    - a stage of extrusion reduction of the initial section of the billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1, tn) of semi-solid material introduced in the ECAP matrix (6), so that it is reduced the billet section (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1, tn) of the input channel section (4), to the section of an input channel (15) of the ECAP matrix (6),
    - a stage of gradual cooling to an extrusion temperature,
    - an extrusion stage through an angular channel of the ECAP matrix (6), in a shear plane (12), defined in the intersection zone of the end of the input channel (15) of the ECAP matrix (6) and and an output channel (5) of the ECAP matrix (6).
    The device for carrying out the above procedure comprises an ECAP matrix (6) comprising a vertical input channel (15) and a horizontal output channel (5) that form an angle to each other, preferably between 60 ° and 180 °, more preferably between 90 ° and 120 ° and more preferably it is 90 °, as in the example shown in the Figures.
    The device also comprises a compression plunger (7) arranged in the upper part of the inlet channel (4) of the device, for the connection between bilges (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1, tn) and the extrusion thereof through the angular channel of the ECAP matrix (6), and a feed pin (8) of the billets (t1, t2,., tn-2, tn-1, tn), perpendicular to the compression plunger (7) and movable by a feed channel (9) adjacent to the top of the input channel (4) of the device and perpendicular to it (4).
    The input channel (4) of the device comprises a side hole (10) that communicates the
    feed channel (9) with the input channel (4), where the upper and lower dimensions of the feed channel (9), defined by the side hole (10), are arranged between the minimum and maximum travel positions of the compression plunger (7), respectively.
    5
    The device comprises a reduction extrusion zone (14) of the billets (L, t2, ..., tn.2, tn.i, tn) of semi-solid material introduced into the ECAP matrix (6) where the channel section Output (5) is of the order of the input channel section (15) of the ECAP matrix (6).
    The device further comprises a cooling zone (11) preferably arranged previously to the shear plane (12) of the ECAP matrix (6), adjacent to the inlet channel (15) of the ECAP matrix (6).
    The device and the method of the present invention is therefore not limited to a certain number of billets, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, showing n billets, tn, tn.1, tn.2,. .., t2, t1, and in which a continuous material with better properties is produced.
    Examples of materials to which the procedure of the present invention has been applied are shown below.
    To determine the consolidation times of the semi-solid beds (t1, t2, ..., tn.2, tn.1, tn) at different temperatures and tensions, it is necessary to know, for a given compound, the limit temperatures of the semi-solid range , according to the following formula:
    25
    where t is the consolidation time in seconds, A is a constant that takes the value 41011, or is the consolidation tension of the continuous material obtained, E is the Young's modulus, and the constant 18.3 is an average value that serves different 30 alloy systems based on Al, Mg, Fe, Li, Pb, Zn, Ag, Cu, Pd, V, etc. , Tm is the absolute melting temperature, T is the operating temperature, and fv is a consolidation acceleration function due to the presence of liquid:
    image 1
    where Tms is the upper melting temperature, Tmi is the lower melting temperature (both limits of the semi-solid range) and v is the exponent of consolidation rate, which takes values, in general,> 2.
    5
    EXAMPLE 1
    In this first example, the Al-7% Si alloy was used, whose Al-Si phase diagram is shown in Figure 4, indicating the temperatures Tms and Tmi for a concentration of 7% 10 in Si. It also works for commercial aluminum alloys A356, A357 and the like. With these values, the consolidation times at different temperatures, with different loads, obtained from the proposed equations are shown in Table 1.
     Table 1
     T, ° C  T, K a, MPa t, s
     580  853 10 4.7
     590  863 10 2.1
     600  873 10 0.7
     610  883 10 0.1
     619  892 10 0.0
     580  853 5 9.4
     590  863 5 4.2
     600  873 5 1.5
     610  883 5 0.3
     619  892 5 0.0
     580  853 2 23.5
     590  863 2 10.5
     600  873 2 3.7
     610  883 2 0.7
     619  892 2 0.0
     fifteen
    10
    EXAMPLE 2
    In this second example, a 2% steel alloy in C was used, whose phase diagram Fe-C is shown in Figure 5, indicating the temperatures Tms and Tmi for the concentration of 2% in C. The behavior is similar for steels with other carbon and other alloy compositions by entering the relevant Tms and Tmi values. With these values, the consolidation times at different temperatures, with different loads, obtained from the proposed equations are shown in Table 2.
    Table 2
     T, ° C  T, K ct, MPa t, s
     1200  1473 30 17.7
     1250  1523 30 4.8
     1300  1573 30 1.1
     1350  1623 30 0.1
     1390  1663 30 0.0
     1200  1473 20 26.5
     1250  1523 20 7.1
     1300  1573 20 1.6
     1350  1623 20 0.2
     1390  1663 20 0.0
     1200  1473 10 53.0
     1250  1523 10 14.3
     1300  1573 10 3.2
     1350  1623 10 0.4
     1390  1663 10 0.0
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
    1. - Procedure for obtaining metallic material by extrusion processing in angular channel of metallic material in semi-solid state characterized by comprising:
    - an introduction stage of at least two billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1, tn) of semi-solid material in a device comprising an ECAP matrix (6), where the device comprises a input channel (4),
    - a joining stage by pressing the at least two billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1, tn) of semi-solid material introduced into the inlet channel (4),
    - an angular extrusion step through an angular channel of the ECAP matrix (6), defined in the intersection zone of an input channel (15) and an output channel (5) of said ECAP matrix (6), of the at least two billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1, tn) joined in the joining stage, to severely deform and in a solid state, the continuous material formed in the joining stage.
    [2]
    2. - Procedure for obtaining metallic material by extrusion processing in angular channel of metallic material in semi-solid state according to revindication 1 characterized in that it also comprises a step of gradual cooling to an extrusion temperature between the joining stage by means of pressure of the minus two billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1, tn) of semi-solid material introduced into the inlet channel (4) and the angular extrusion stage.
    [3]
    3. - Method of obtaining metallic material by extrusion processing in angular channel of metallic material in a semi-solid state according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a step of extrusion reducing the initial section of the billets (t1, t2,. .., tn-2, tn-1, tn) to the section of the input channel (15) of the ECAP matrix (6), prior to the angular extrusion stage.
    [4]
    4. - Procedure for obtaining metallic material by extrusion processing in angular channel of metallic material in semi-solid state according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the joining stage by pressing the at least two billets (t1, t2, .. ., tn-2, tn-1, tn) of semi-solid material introduced into the inlet channel (4) is carried out by contact.
    [5]
    5. - Method of obtaining metallic material by extrusion processing in angular channel of metallic material in semi-solid state according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the angular extrusion stage (6) is carried
    5 located in a shear plane (12), defined by the intersection of the input channel (15) and the output channel (5) of the ECAP matrix (6).
    [6]
    6. - Device for carrying out the method of any of the preceding claims comprising an ECAP matrix (6) comprising an input channel (15)
    10 and an outlet channel (5) that form an angle to each other, and a compression plunger (7) disposed in the upper part of an input channel (4) of the device, for the union between billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-i, tn) and the extrusion thereof through a shear angle (12) of the ECAP matrix (6) characterized in that it also comprises a feed plunger (8) of the billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1, tn) movable by a feed channel 15 (9) adjacent to the top of the input channel (4) of the device.
    [7]
    7. - Device according to revindication 6 characterized in that the input channel (4) of the device comprises a side hole (10) that communicates the feed channel (9) with the input channel (4), where the upper and lower dimensions of the feed channel (9),
    20 defined by the side hole (10), are arranged between the positions of minimum and maximum travel of the compression plunger (7), respectively.
    [8]
    8. - Device according to any of claims 6 or 7 characterized in that it also comprises a refrigeration zone (11) arranged adjacent to the inlet channel
    25 (15) of the ECAP matrix (6), preferably pre-arranged to the shear plane
    (12) of the ECAP matrix (6).
    [9]
    9. - Device according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it also comprises a reduction extrusion zone (14) of the two billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-1,
    30 tn) of semi-solid material previously disposed to the ECAP matrix (6), where the section of the
    The input channel (4) of the device is larger than the section of the input channel (15) of the ECAP matrix (6), preferably the ratio of sections in the range 4: 1 to 40: 1.
    [10]
    10. Device according to any of claims 6 to 9 characterized in that the input channel (15) and the output channel (5) of the ECAP matrix (6) form an angle between them of between 60 ° and 180 °, preferably between 90 ° and 120 ° and more preferably 90 °.
    5 11.- Metallic material obtainable with the procedure of any of the
    Claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the material of the starting billets (t1, t2, ..., tn-2, tn-i, tn) is an alloy that presents, in the phase diagram, a solid-solid field .
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    ES2576791B1|2017-04-24|PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING METAL MATERIAL THROUGH PROCESSED BY EXTRUSION IN ANGLE CHANNEL OF METAL MATERIAL IN SEMISOLID STATE, ASSOCIATED DEVICE AND METAL MATERIAL OBTAINABLE
    Chayong et al.2005|Thixoforming 7075 aluminium alloys
    Zhao et al.2010|Microstructural evolution and tensile mechanical properties of thixoforged ZK60-Y magnesium alloys produced by two different routes
    Park et al.2016|High-speed indirect extrusion of Mg–Sn–Al–Zn alloy and its influence on microstructure and mechanical properties
    Chen et al.2015|Effect of accumulative plastic deformation on generation of spheroidal structure, thixoformability and mechanical properties of large-size AM60 magnesium alloy
    Chen et al.2003|The improvement of constituent dissolution and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy by stepped heat treatments
    García et al.2010|Comparative study of the parameters influencing the machinability of leaded brasses
    Verma et al.2013|Influence of cooling rate on the Fe intermetallic formation in an AA6063 Al alloy
    Chen et al.2014|Comparisons of microstructure, thixoformability and mechanical properties of high performance wrought magnesium alloys reheated from the as-cast and extruded states
    Zhang et al.2008|Microstructures and tensile properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy by continuous extrusion forming process
    Mohammadi et al.2011|Microstructure evolution of semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy during reheating process
    Rokni et al.2012|Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of backward thixoextruded 7075 aluminum alloy
    US20040206428A1|2004-10-21|Method for fabricating magnesium alloy billets for a thixoforming process
    Wang et al.2015|Evolutions of microstructure and mechanical properties for SiCp/AZ91 composites with different particle contents during extrusion
    Jiang et al.2017|Microstructure and mechanical properties of 7005 aluminum alloy components formed by thixoforming
    Rao et al.2008|T-shaped equi-channel angular pressing of Pb–Sn eutectic and its tensile properties
    Chen et al.2017|Compound forming of 7075 aluminum alloy based on functional integration of plastic deformation and thixoformation
    Chen et al.2015|Microstructure evolution and tensile mechanical properties of thixoformed high performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy
    Sepahi-Boroujeni et al.2016|Improvements in microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy by means of an efficient, novel severe plastic deformation process
    Rikhtegar et al.2010|Investigation of mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy formed by forward thixoextrusion process
    Sepahi-Boroujeni et al.2015|The influences of the expansion equal channel angular extrusion operation on the strength and ductility of AZ80 magnesium alloy
    Lapkowski1998|Some studies regarding thixoforming of metal alloys
    Ghasemi et al.2016|An investigation into the warm deformation behavior of Ti–6Al–1.5 Cr–2.5 Mo–0.5 Fe–0.3 Si alloy
    Jiang et al.2020|Effects of plastic deformation of solid phase on mechanical properties and microstructure of wrought 5A06 aluminum alloy in directly semisolid thixoforging
    Bolouri et al.2013|Tensile properties and microstructural characteristics of indirect rheoformed A356 aluminum alloy
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2576791B1|2017-04-24|
    WO2016092135A1|2016-06-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5015438A|1990-01-02|1991-05-14|Olin Corporation|Extrusion of metals|
    JP2003096549A|2001-09-25|2003-04-03|Kenji Azuma|Alloy with excellent mechanical property and impact ductility, and its manufacturing method|
    KR100991142B1|2008-05-06|2010-11-01|한국생산기술연구원|METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING Bi-Te BASED THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS BY EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSINGECAP PROCESS|CN106180235A|2016-08-13|2016-12-07|河南理工大学|A kind of device utilizing access ramp technology to prepare thin grained magnesium alloy|
    US20180155811A1|2016-12-02|2018-06-07|Honeywell International Inc.|Ecae materials for high strength aluminum alloys|
    CN109202031A|2018-10-25|2019-01-15|成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司|The preparation method of the automobile-used alloy semi-solid blank of predeformation|
    CN111644482B|2020-06-12|2021-05-14|燕山大学|Multidirectional extrusion die and method|
    CN112853186A|2021-01-10|2021-05-28|沈阳工业大学|Fine-grain high-toughness wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof|
    法律状态:
    2017-04-24| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2576791 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20170424 |
    2017-10-26| FA2A| Application withdrawn|Effective date: 20171020 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201431812A|ES2576791B1|2014-12-10|2014-12-10|PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING METAL MATERIAL THROUGH PROCESSED BY EXTRUSION IN ANGLE CHANNEL OF METAL MATERIAL IN SEMISOLID STATE, ASSOCIATED DEVICE AND METAL MATERIAL OBTAINABLE|ES201431812A| ES2576791B1|2014-12-10|2014-12-10|PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING METAL MATERIAL THROUGH PROCESSED BY EXTRUSION IN ANGLE CHANNEL OF METAL MATERIAL IN SEMISOLID STATE, ASSOCIATED DEVICE AND METAL MATERIAL OBTAINABLE|
    PCT/ES2015/070886| WO2016092135A1|2014-12-10|2015-12-09|Method for producing a metal material by means of the equal-channel angular pressing of a semi-solid metal material, associated device and resulting metal material|
    [返回顶部]